Essay on Human Relations Perspective In Management

Human Relations Perspective In Management The human relations perspective is a way to manage a corporation where the employees are viewed as social beings with complex needs and desires as opposed to just units of production. It is based on the works of Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor in the mid twentieth century. This perspective places an emphasis on the social networks found in a corporation and uses gratification, not depravation, to provide motivation in the workplace. The human relations perspective developed in the mid twentieth century and was an extension of the behavioral viewpoint. Prior to the behavioral, almost all management was looked upon through the classical viewpoint. This viewpoint specifically focused on how†¦show more content†¦In Management: A practical Introduction (pp. 46-49). NYC: McGraw Hill.) Maslow and McGregor further developed this idea into the human relations perspective, the idea that better human relations could increase productivity. T he human relations perspective views the workplace as an intricate social network which a manager must control though increased participation from employees and open communication. Within this perspective employees are viewed as responsible, social, and self-motivated. These views support Douglas McGregor’s theory Y. Managers who follow theory Y believe employees generally enjoy work, are often self-motivated to complete tasks efficiently and to the best of their ability, and will actively seek responsibility. They also believe that people in general are smarter than previously realized and can exercise high levels of creativity and ingenuity. (Heyel, C. (Ed.). (1982). The Encycolpedia of Management . NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.) McGregor compares this to managers who follow the X theory, who believe employees avoid responsibility, have little ambition, and are inherently lazy. They feel that people must be controlled and threatened in order to work to their best ability a nd are primarily motivated by monetary rewards. This is the view that managers held in previous perspectives. McGregor believed that a belief in a certain theory could end up being a self – fulfilling prophecy, meaning that if a manager believes their employees willShow MoreRelatedEssay on Human Relations Perspective in Management1451 Words   |  6 PagesKatie Tolan Management Human Relations Perspective The human relations perspective is a way to manage a corporation where the employees are viewed as social beings with complex needs and desires as opposed to just units of production. It is based on the works of Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor in the mid twentieth century. This perspective places an emphasis on the social networks found in a corporation and uses gratification, not depravation, to provide motivation in the workplace. Read MoreClassical Scientific Management Theory And Human Relations Theory1358 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This paper will be expressing a few of the different theoretical perspectives. This paper will be discussing the Scientific Management, Cultural Perspective, Political-Economic Theory, and Human Relations Theory. It will also be discussing each of the key concepts that are associated within each theoretical perspective. I will state some of the strengths and some of the weaknesses of each theory that was mentioned above. Lastly, my opinion for each of these theories would be providedRead MoreClassical Scientific Management Theory And Human Relations Theory1356 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will be expressing a few of the different theoretical perspectives. This paper will be discussing the Scientific Management, Cultural Perspective, Political-Economic Theory, and Human Relations Theory. It will also be discussing each of the key concepts that are associated within each theoretical perspective. I will state some of the strengths and some of the weaknesses of each theory that was m entioned above. Lastly, my opinion for each of these theories would be provided to give youRead MoreHumanistic Era Reflection Paper1315 Words   |  6 Pagesis highly dependent on changes in society, politics, and economic depression going on around that time. The Humanistic Era is made up of two main perspectives: The Human Relations Perspective and the Social Person Perspective. During the Humanistic Era’s Human Relations Perspective, companies began to be aware of their role in a larger perspective and environment. Managers also began to understand a need to balance social needs of their staff with the economic needs of their company. BehavioralRead MoreThe Human Relations Movement?890 Words   |  4 PagesThe Human Relations Movement When you hear human relations movement what do you think of? Do you know what the human relations movement is? To answer these questions first you need to understand which time period this movement came out of. Take a guess. To give you a hint this was the time of booming industrialization. Most men, women, and even children spent from before dawn to after dusk working in factories for minimal pay. If you guessed the 1920’s-30’s you would have been right. The human relationsRead MoreEmployment Issues, Employment Relations, and Employment Relations Strategies661 Words   |  3 Pagesgains Employment Relations Employment relations can cover a broad range of specific issues and features of any organization with employees relevant to establishing and maintaining positive employer/employee relationship The overall culture of an organization, the specific interpersonal relationships between managers, employees, and co-workers, and even legislation can all impact upon employee relations theoretically and practically Strategic Human Resources Management Rather than a seriesRead MoreThe Classical Perspective And Humanistic Perspective Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagescompany, managers use a lot of different management perspectives and critical strategies to organises their people and improve productivity. Obviously, it is important to be a remarkable manager in a legendary company. So it is interested to find out how making the right management. Therefore, managers have to understand what the management perspectives are, and also need to know the way to operate them. In this essay, the definitions of two management perspectives will be introduced in few paragraphsRead MoreClassical Management Versus Human Relations Essay600 Words   |  3 Pagesscientific and classical management, which focused on three separate theories from Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol, and Max Weber. The three theories have similar ideology in the fact that organization is driven by management authority, employees only source of motivation is money, and organizat ions are machinelike with employees making up the parts of the machine (Papa, Daniels, Spiker, 2008). In the Prophecy Fulfilled case study, Mary Ann (senior auditor) takes on a management role with subordinatesRead MoreEssay Employee Relations1425 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessionals. This will include different perspectives, approaches and definitions of what employee relations is. â€Å"Employee relations is a common title for the industrial relations function within personnel management and is also sometimes used as an alternative label for the academic field of â€Å"industrial relations†. The term underlines the fact that industrial relations is not confined to the study of trade unions but embraces the broad pattern of employee management, including systems of direct communicationRead MoreHrm And The And Human Resource Management1094 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The main purpose to write this essay is to analogize the differences in the field of HRM and IR. The Foundation of Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management is based on intense academic study. The essay is an endeavor to illustrate by scrutinizing their objectives and the viewpoints or the approaches of this field. The first part of the essay is an attempt to define HRM and IR and it further continues to explain the differences and similarities between the two. In the last

Slavery Essay - 1104 Words

A slave is a tool, a total servant, a possession. Being a possession, a slave is required to total obedience to a master who has the power to do anything to a slave. Freedom means, to carry out one own choices, actions without coercion or constraint by necessity or circumstances. Fate often take a hand in the distillation of freedom. When this distillation occurs at weaker levels, benevolent slavery begins. A benevolent master usually receives gratitude from those slaves who are aware of their good fortune and will, in turn, work willingly. This form of slaves future is relatively certain, assured and predictable. Their offspring, born into a benevolent slavery, find the thought of freedom disturbing. Although freedom as an idea sounds†¦show more content†¦Knowing this, benevolent masters enact stern laws and sterner measures are taken to hold ambitious slaves in check, even killing impersonally to maintain control. The list of the dead, including Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandhi, John and Bob Kennedy serve as example of a longer list of those who died ingloriously, marked by ridicule and scandal. They were inextricably linked with the above named people. Who are we, then? You, the reader, and me, the writer of this treatise-are we masters of our fate? Or are we slaves? If we assess our lives, the control over our movements, our schooling, our earnings, we might become aware that what we call freedom is actually, liberties. We have liberties. To me this means we are allowed to do things, within limits - we have limitations placed upon us by documentation, credentials, licenses, etc. We are, in all respects, not free. During the Hitler regime, a Jew was stripped naked and displayed for the amusement of Gestapo officers. One officer noted that the hapless victim still wore a wedding ring. The Gestapo officer pointed his pistol at the Jew and ordered him to take it off and throw it away. As the naked man removed his wedding ring, the last thing he had to bind him to his wife whom he loved and who had been killed a few days before in a gas chamber, the humiliated Jew had a sudden realization quot;They can take from me all the possessions IShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The Slavery Of Slavery Essay2080 Words   |  9 PagesThere has been an ongoing debate on whether Christianity condoned or condemned slavery. In this essay, I will discuss how slave owners used biblical context to uphold the institution of slavery. I will begin analyzing scriptures in the bible that pertain to slavery. It is in my belief that the Bible did not condone slavery in the way that slave owners upheld slavery. I do not argue against that there were not slaves by bondage but they were not enslaved against their will but through the will ofRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Slavery Essay1202 Words   |  5 Pages This was the period of post-slavery, early twentieth century, in southern United States where blacks were still treated by whites inhumanly and cruelly, even after the abolition laws of slavery of 1863. They were still named as ‘color’. Nothing much changed in African-American’s lives, though the laws of abolition of slavery were made, because now the slavery system became a way of life. The system was accepted as destiny. So the whites also got license to take disadvantages and started exploitingRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Slavery999 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch and taking the Slavery footprint quiz I realized just how much my life and lifestyle depended on slavery. I, like most people, do not think about where my clothes came from or where the diamond in the engagement ring came from; subsequently, I alone depend on 43 slaves. 43 individuals somewhere in the world are being forced to work or work for little to nothing. I cried after reading about prese nt time slavery because like most people in today’s age, I believed slavery ended in President Lincoln’sRead MoreSlavery And The Slavery Of Slavery933 Words   |  4 Pages Slavery, up to this point has progressively gotten weaker. In 1787 slavery is made illegal in the northwest territory. In 1793 Eli Whitney made the cotton gin making the demand for slaves increase. In 1820 the missouri compromise was written to ban slavery in all states above the northern missouri border. In the year 1831 Preacher Nat Turner starts a rebellion that is known to be the largest slave uprising in American History. also that year William Lloyd Garrison started publishing the LiberatorRead MoreSlavery And The Slavery Of Slavery Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pagesto resist their masters, and the institution of slavery in a subtle or a suicidal way. The visions of freedom varied throughout time periods and regions; in 1739, you have the Stono Rebellion, people used laws to argue their cases o f injustice, such as Emanuel Pieterson and Dorothy Angola, who fought for the freedom of their child and David Walker, Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacob who used literature to speak against the institution of slavery. Another aspect was that freedom had a differentRead MoreSlavery And The Abolition Of Slavery1166 Words   |  5 Pagesmain issue of controversy that contributed to the split of the Union: slavery. Lincoln explicitly expressed that slavery should be abolished for several reasons, recognizing the practice as an extreme violation of human rights and American republicanism. Despite his advocacy for abolishment, Lincoln’s politics on racial justice were still problematic. While Abraham Lincoln recognizes basic human rights, and advocates that slavery is an obvious violation of these basic principles, I argue and characterizeRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Slavery1128 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery is one of the most inhumane acts the world has ever known. African s were kidnapped and forced into slavery by Europeans; they were separated from their families and forced to work on plantations. They were placed in unbearable conditions and the prevalent racism attached onto this system fueled the mistreatment and oppression of black people for years to come. The origins of the widespread African slavery in America as we know today started in early colonial America when people needed cheapRead MoreSlavery, Racism, And Slavery Essay1779 Words   |  8 PagesSlavery began before racism in North America. To prove this I will provide an analysis of chronological events that displayed acts of slavery and racism. With that being said, Initially I will be delving into the earliest implementations of slavery in North America. That being Jamestown Virginia 1619. Secondly, analysing an extract from 1655, where an African man named Anthony Johnson claimed to own another black individual, John Casor as his property. Subsequently, moving onto Winthrop D Jord anRead MoreThe Slavery Of Slavery And Slavery944 Words   |  4 Pagescondemn slavery. The South also used religion as their argument, but instead, they used the Bible to argue that slavery was an acceptable part of life. People have questioned whether it was right or wrong of the South to use the bible to support their beliefs in slavery. Some would say that pro-slavery southerners had every right to use the Bible to support their beliefs. When Northerners began to use the Bible against slavery, southerners used this same argument to support it. Slavery was a practiceRead MoreSlavery : Slavery And Slavery901 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery in America started in 1619 when settlers brought over African Americans to Jamestown, Virginia. The slaves came to Jamestown to work on the tobacco plantations. The slaves were also sent to other colonies such as South Carolina to work on the cotton plantations. Slaves were people who worked for no pay. This caused the land owners to make more profit from their plantations because they didn’t have to pay their workers. Southern slave owners, specifically in South Carolina, relied on slavery

Biography of Marcel Duchamp, Modern Art Revolutionary

The French-American artist Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968) was an innovator, working across mediums such as painting, sculpture, collages, short films, body art, and found objects. Known as both a pioneer and a troublemaker, Duchamp is associated with several modern art movements, including  Dadaism,  Cubism, and  Surrealism, and is credited for paving the way for  Pop,  Minimal, and Conceptual art. Fast Facts: Marcel Duchamp Full Name: Marcel Duchamp, also known as Rrose Sà ©lavyOccupation: ArtistBorn:  July 28, 1887 in Blainville, Normandy, FranceParents Names: Eugene and Lucie DuchampDied: October 2, 1968 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, FranceEducation: One year of school at the Ecole des Beaux Artes in Paris (flunked out)Famous Quotes: The painting is no longer a decoration to be hung in the dining room or living room. We have thought of other things to use as decoration. Early Years Duchamp was born on July 28, 1887, the fourth child of seven born to Lucie and Eugene Duchamp. His father was a notary, but there was art in the family. Two of Duchamps elder brothers were successful artists: the painter Jacques Villon (1875–1963) and the sculptor Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876–1918). In addition, Duchamps mother Lucie was an amateur artist and his grandfather was an engraver. When Duchamp came of age, Eugene willingly supported his son Marcels career in art. Duchamp made his first painting,  Church in Blainville, at  the age of 15, and  enrolled in the Academie Jullian at Pariss École des Beaux-Arts. In a series of interviews published after his death, Duchamp is quoted as saying he couldnt remember any of the teachers he had, and that he spent the mornings playing billiards rather than going to the studio. He ended up flunking out after one year. From Cubism to Dadaism to Surrealism Duchamps artistic life spanned several decades, during which he reinvented his art time and again, often offending critics sensibilities along the way. Duchamp spent most of those years alternating between Paris and New York. He mingled with the New York art scene, forging close friendships with American artist  Man Ray, historian Jacques Martin Barzun, writer Henri-Pierre Rochà ©, composer Edgar Varà ¨se, and painters Francisco Picabia and Jean Crotti, among others.   Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase No. 2 (1912). Public domain. ​ Nude Descending a Staircase (No. 2)  deeply offended the Cubists, because although it selected the color palette and form of Cubism, it added a reference to explicit perpetual motion and was seen as a dehumanized rendering of the female nude. The painting also created a big scandal at the 1913 New York Armory Show of Europe, after which Duchamp was heartily embraced by the New York crowd of Dadaists. Marcel Duchamp, Bicycle Wheel (1913). Dan Kitwood / Getty Images Bicycle Wheel  (1913) was the first of Duchamps readymades: primarily manufactured objects with one or two minor tweaks to the form. In Bicycle Wheel, the fork and wheel of a bicycle are mounted on a stool. The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, Even  or  The Large Glass  (1915–1923) is a two-paned glass window with an image assembled out of lead foil, fuse wire, and dust. The upper panel illustrates an insect-like bride and the lower panel features the silhouettes of nine suitors, shooting their attention in her direction. The work broke during shipment in 1926; Duchamp repaired it about a decade later, saying, Its a lot better with the breaks. DidBaroness Elsa SubmitThe Fountain? Marcel Duchamp, The Fountain (1916). Photographed by Alfred Stieglitz. Public domain. There is a rumor that  The Fountain  was not submitted to New York Independents Art Show by Duchamp, but rather by the Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, another Dada artist who played with gender and performance art and was among the more outrageous characters of the New York art scene. While the original is long gone, there are 17 copies in different museums around the world, all assigned to Duchamp. After Renouncing Art Marcel Duchamp, Etant donnes (1946-1966). Mixed media assemblage.  © Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris / Succession Marcel Duchamp. Fair use. In 1923, Duchamp publicly renounced art, saying he would spend his life on chess. He was very good at chess and was on several French chess tournament teams. More or less secretly, however, he continued work from 1923 to 1946 under the name Rrose Sà ©lavy. He also continued to produce readymades. Etant donnes  was Duchamps last work. He made it in secret and wanted it shown only after his death. The work consists of a wooden door set in a brick frame. Inside the door are two peepholes, through which the viewer can see a deeply disturbing scene of a naked woman lying on a bed of twigs and holding a lit gaslight. The Turkish artist Serkan Ãâ€"zkaya has suggested that the female figure in Etant donnes is, in some respects, a self-portrait of Duchamp, an idea also put forward in 2010 by artist Meeka Walsh in an essay in BorderCrossings.   Marriage andPersonal Life Duchamp described his mother as distant and cold and indifferent, and he felt that she preferred his younger sisters to him, a preference that had a profound effect on his self-esteem. Although he presented himself as cool and detached in interviews, some biographers believe that his art reflects the strenuous efforts he made to deal with his silent rage and unmet need for erotic closeness. Duchamp was married twice and had a long-term mistress. He also had a female alter ego, Rrose Sà ©lavy, whose name translates to Eros, such is life. Death and Legacy Marcel Duchamp died at his home in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France on October 2, 1968. He was buried in Rouen under the epitaph, Dailleurs, cest toujours les autres qui meurent (Besides, its always the others who die). To this day, he is remembered as one of the great innovators in modern art. He invented new ways of thinking about what art can be and radically transformed ideas about culture. Sources Cabanne, Pierre.  Dialogues with Marcel Duchamp. Trans. Padgett, Ron. London: Thames and Hudson, 1971. Print.Duchamp, Marcel, Rrose Sà ©lavy, and Ann Temkin. Of or By.  Grand Street  58 (1996): 57–72. Print.Frizzell, Nell. Duchamp and the Pissoir-Taking Sexual Politics of the Art World. The Guardian November 7 2014. Web.Giovanna, Zapperi. Marcel Duchamps Tonsure: Towards an Alternate Masculinity.  Oxford Art Journal  30.2 (2007): 291–303. Print.James, Carol Plyley. Marcel Duchamp, Naturalized American. The French Review 49.6 (1976): 1097–105. Print.Mershaw, Marc. Now You See Him, Now You Don’t: Duchamp From Beyond the Grave. The New York Times Sept. 29, 2017. Web.Paijmans, Door Theo. Het Urinoir Is Niet Van Duchamp (The iconic Fountain (1917) is not created by Marcel Duchamp).  See All This  10 (2018). Print.Pape, Gerard J. Marcel Duchamp.  American Imago  42.3 (1985): 255–67. Print.Rosenthal, Nan. Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968 ).  Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Metropolitan Museum 2004. Web.Spalding, Julian, and Glyn Thompson.  Did Marcel Duchamp Steal Elsas Urinal?  The Art Newspaper  262 (2014). Print.Speyer, A. James. Marcel Duchamp Exhibition.  Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago  (1973–1982) 68.1 (1974): 16–19. Print.Walsh, Meeka. The Gaze and the Guess: Fixing Identity in â€Å"Étant donnà ©s.† BorderCrossings 114. Web.

Should Animals Be Used For Scientific Experiments

A dog is a man’s best friend, is a commonly used phrase to describe an intimate relationship between human and dog that has developed over the centuries. But is this popular phrase true? Are dogs truly a mans best friend? Some argue of course they are— they are friendly, loyal, and in most cases considered a part of the family. But there are those who will disagree—people from other parts of the world, and at different times in history. Take scientists from the nineteenth century, for example, where a man’s best friend was used in scientific experiments that led to the discovery of insulin for diabetes, and saved millions of lives (MacGill: par. 1, 2016). So, where do we draw the line from justifying the use of animals for scientific†¦show more content†¦Lastly, I will conclude by highlighting the main ideas, and will finish off with my own reflections regarding the debate. Source Methodology This section will describe sources, both academic (scholarly journals and peer review), and popular (articles, blogs) that has been used. All sources were equally important and essential to the formulation of all findings presented in this research paper. Academic Sources All sources listed in this section are all peer reviewed or are written by academic scholars, that speak to the debate on animals and scientific experiments. For my scholarly sources I examined the following publications: Firstly I used Laura Cox and V. Tamara Montrose’s empirical research, â€Å"How Do Human-Animal Emotional Relationship Influence Public Perceptions of Animal Use?† Journal of Animal Ethics. 2016. DOI:10.5406. Both authors have acquired PhD’s and a bachelor’s degree in animal sciences. According to the publisher, this particular journal is dedicated to research regarding animal ethics, and issues in the field of animal sciences, and therefore is useful to this research topic. Another academic research based journal I reviewed was, Cattaneo C. et al.,â€Å"Animal Experimentation in Forensic Science: How Far Have We Come?† Forensic Science International. 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.06.024. The authorsShow More Related Animal Testing Essay572 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal Testing Speaking Outline: Animal Testing Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience about the three major ways of how scientific experiments on animal is inhumane. Introduction I. Put yourself into an animal’s position. Imagine that you are being poked and probed by needles for the benefits of humans. II. Animals are being abuse more and more everyday in scientific experiments. III. I have pets and I’m against animal testing, so knowing that animals are used in research is appalling. IVRead MoreImportance Of Animal Testing1726 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing: Is it necessary? People take medicine, and they wear makeup. Most people own one or two or maybe more pets. Some people love their pets as if they were their own children. Pets are loved and taken care of. They are rescued and adopted. But do people know that they are treated the opposite in a laboratory? It is estimated that every year, 26 million animals are used for scientific and commercial testing in the United States. There are many reasons animals are used for testing. SomeRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1509 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is intended to express the use of animals in scientific research. Every year more than 115 million animals around the world have been used in laboratory experiments (Human Society International,2012). They include animals that are generally used in medical research such as cats, dogs, guinea pigs, mice, rats and monkeys. This experience has a major role in the progress of medicine. For example, it has been used in the development of drugs and surgical procedures and artificialRead MoreAnimal Rights : Animal Or Its Organs And Tissues Are Used1335 Words   |  6 Pagesexperimental procedures, either a whole animal or its organs and tissues are used. For this purpose animals are euthanized (killed) by established methods. Many times, the animals surviving the clinical testing are euthanized at the end of an experiment to avoid the later pain and distress (Rusche, 2003). In some cases (for example in LD 50 analysis) animals die as a result of the experiment. The pain, distress and death experienced by the animals during scientific experiments have been a debating issue forRead MoreAnimal Testing: A True Ethical Dilemma Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesis the life of a laboratory animal. Animal testing is the use of animals for scientific research purposes and experiments. It can be used for the findings of cures and medicines to testing new drugs, to understanding the behavioral psychology of the animals themselves. â€Å"Around fifty to one hundred million vertebrate animals, ranging from fish to primates, are used in experiments each year† (Lloyd). There are many different terms used to describe the research on animals but two main ideas. In vivoRead MoreAnimal Experimentation And Animal Experiments1619 Words   |  7 Pages(Cruelty to Animals in Laboratories.)† This is the horrifying reality that animals used in animal experiments have to face. Animal experimentation is the use of animals in scientific research. Animals h elp scientists learn more about diseases that occur in humans and animals. Scientists also use animals to test new treatments, medicines, surgical techniques, and more. Different animals can be used for these experiments and the experiments can sometimes lead to medical and scientific breakthroughsRead MoreEssay on Animal Testing in the Research Field1416 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal research, or animal testing, is the use of animals in scientific researches to study and develop drugs for the life-taking diseases that human beings contract. It has been practiced for hundreds of years. Animal testing helps produced many vaccines and other drugs, like penicillin, and thus, save many human lives. On the other hand, animal testing also causes pain and kills a lot of animals used during the researches that many people oppose this practice. Supporters show their support, whileRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology And Scientific Advancements On Society1036 Words   |  5 PagesHow does t echnology and scientific discoveries affect our society? Should all scientific advancements be moral and benefit our lives? In â€Å"The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks†, Rebecca Skloot talks about the importance of HeLa cells in the scientific world and the woman behind them.â€Å"De-Extinction: The Science and Ethics of Bringing Lost Species Back to Life† discusses the pros and cons of bringing back extinct animals are debated. Robert Louis Stevenson writes about the fight between good and evilRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1015 Words   |  5 PagesAnimals have impacted human history in many ways. They are a food source, pets, and used in scientific research. Animal s used in medical and scientific research help find cures to human disease, injury, and deficiencies. Many animals have a similar genetic makeup with humans. About half of the animal s tested on live longer and healthier lives compared to the common house pet. Also many animals are protected b y different organizations, and also a federal law. Since our genes closely resemble eachRead MoreEssay on Animal Research Bill655 Words   |  3 Pages Animal Testing Bill Section One: This bill will set rules to any make-up company creating cosmetic products for humans. Companies who create the make-up must have the product tested on animals before testing on humans. Section Two: Congress hereby finds and declares that cosmetics has been flawed because of it’s lack of sufficient research. In order to fulfill an efficient research (synonym), cosmetic companies should undergo animal testing. Products created by the company should first

Business Culture in Italy Free Essays

Doing business abroad introduces international business people to differences in approaches to business, business etiquette and protocol. Although these may not be crucial to business proceedings they should not be dismissed as unnecessary. Cross cultural awareness can enhance the potential of the international business person’s trip considerably. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Culture in Italy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Let us look at a brief example: There are two business people each planning on doing business in Italy. Both have similar proposals. One ignores the possible impact of culture and concentrates their efforts on the business proposal. The other also invests time and energy in the proposal but in addition realises that doing business in Italy is a lot different to doing business in the UK or USA. They look into the business etiquette of Italy, the way in which meetings are conducted and negotiation styles. Nine times out of ten the latter of the two will have the advantage. They will be able to tailor their proposal and demeanour to gel better with the Italian way. In addition, they would endear themselves to the Italian hosts. This guide to doing business in Italy is designed as a brief introduction to areas business people should take into consideration before travelling to Italy. Doing Business – Etiquette Good manners and courtesy are prized qualities in Italy. When doing business in Italy ensure your conduct is always polished. There are etiquettes and protocols for many social and business situations, however, it is important to remember that Italians rate considerateness above behavioural formulas. When meeting and departing always shake hands. This is valid for both individuals and groups. After doing business in Italy for a period of time and building relationships do not be surprised if you are embraced when being met. This indicates the relationship has reached an intimate level. When doing business in Italy you will notice that little personal space is left between people when interacting. In addition, Italians are a tactile people. Moving away or keeping your distance may be interpreted as cold and unfriendly. If you are familiar with Italian, use the polite ‘lei’ form until a relationship is established, then use the more informal ‘tu’ form. When doing business in Italy, address people using ‘Signor’ (m) or ‘Signora’ (f) followed by their surname. ‘Dottore’ (m) or ‘Dottoressa’ (f) is used for those who have graduated. When doing business in Italy, dress to impress. It is no coincidence that Versace, Gucci, Prada and Dolce Gabbana are all Italian fashion houses. Italians like to make an impression with their clothes. What you wear speaks volumes about the kind of person you are. Doing Business – Punctuality Italians are usually relaxed around issues relating to time. Being late with a good reason will not have any negative consequences. However, deliberate lateness is considered sloppy and taking people’s time for granted is simply rude. When doing business in Italy err on the side of caution and aim to be punctual. Doing Business – Business Entertaining Hospitality plays a key role in Italian business culture. Invitations to lunch and dinner are to be expected when doing business there. At such occasions a small exclusive group will usually be present. Each attendee will have a particular interest in your visit. If you plan to host a meal, ask the most senior Italian contact who you should invite. Dining does have certain protocol in Italy. However, do not place too much emphasis on this as more time would be spent worrying about etiquette mistakes than enjoying the experience. Major etiquette tips are that the most honoured guest sits at the middle of the table or on the right of the host; the host always pays; pass dishes to the left; keep your knife in the right hand and fork in the left and do not answer phone calls at the table. Doing Business – Meeting and Negotiations Italians prefer to do business with someone they know. When doing business in Italy, use contacts and networks to introduce you before proceeding to set up meetings. To arrange a meeting write, in Italian, first. Follow this up with a phone call, fax or e-mail. The best time for meetings is between 10 – 11 a. m. and after 3 p. m. Avoid August as most businesses will run on skeleton staff due to holidays. Negotiations can be slow. Demonstrating a sense of urgency is seen as a sign of weakness. At the beginning of a meeting avoid business and concentrate on some small talk. Topics of discussion could include Italian culture, food, wine and football (soccer). Italians will take away proposals and analyse them carefully. Be sure to offer as much information as possible in written form for them to take away. A known Italian tactic is to dramatically change demands at the eleventh hour to unsettle or test the flexibility of their counterparts. Remain firm. Location: Southern Europe, bordering Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See (Vatican City) 3. 2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 232 km, Switzerland 740 km Capital: Rome Climate: predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south Population: 58,057,477 (July 2004 est. ) Ethnic Make-up: Italian (includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north and Albanian-Italians and Greek-Italians in the south) Religions: predominately Roman Catholic with mature Protestant and Jewish communities and a growing Muslim immigrant community Government: republic The Italian Language Italian is the official language of Italy, and 93% of population are native Italian speakers. Around 50% of population speak a regional dialect as mother tongue. Many dialects are mutually unintelligible and thus considered by linguists as separate languages, but are not officially recognised. Friulian, one of these dialects, is spoken by 600,000 people in the north east of Italy, which is 1% of the entire population. Other northern minority languages include Ladin, Slovene, German, which enjoys equal recognition with Italian in the province of Alto-Adige, and French, which is legally recognised in the Alpine region of the Val d’Aosta. Albanian is spoken by 0. 2% of the population, mainly in the southern part of Italy, as too are Croatian and Greek. Catalan is spoken in one city, Alghero, on the island of Sardinia, by around 0. 07% of the population. On the rest of the island, Sardinian is spoken by over 1m, which comes to 1. 7% of the Italian population. How to cite Business Culture in Italy, Essay examples

Influence of Compensation Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Influence of Compensation and Benefits. Answer: The selected article is managing employee compensation and benefits for job satisfaction in libraries and information centres in Nigeria (Odunlade, 2012). The main question of the article is to identify the various benefits that are provided to the employees working in a library. Along with to ascertain that is there any other forms of compensation that academic librarians will need excluding the salary. The article also focuses to identify the other types of benefits that are being enjoyed by the counterparts of the organization but is not provided to the other staffs present in the organization. Throughout the article reading it will also throw light in the relationship between compensation, benefits and job satisfaction of the academic librarians. The intended audiences that the author is trying address by writing the article are the employees of the organization and mainly the supportive and non supportive staff of any of the university. The main focus is given on the librarian staffs that are eligible for the benefits and the compensation which are most of the time enjoyed by the counter staffs of the organization. He also wanted to reveal that there is a close relation between the benefits and compensation which together affect the satisfaction level of any employee. In the article it is mainly stated that compensation plays an important role to satisfy the employees or in other words to compensation can affect employee behavior. However it is invalid that not every time this factor is an essential because many a times the social environment, employee- executive relationship and the working condition also plays an important role to motivate the employees. In some cases, in spite of a good compensation but a lack of employee manager relationship can leave a negative impact over the employee and dissatisfy them. Yes, I agree with what the author of the article had ascertained and gave explanation that compensation contributes a crucial role in the retention and the employment of the librarians and further of a good salary and benefit to the academic librarians there is a still need of improvement in the system organizational compensation. There is a need to reframe the compensation policy by the library human resource specialist. There are many universities where there is need of a strict policy making because many of the staffs are denied by the benefits that are taken up by the counterparts. In any university the academic library is the supportive unit. I believe that an employees behavior can be affected by his or her compensation because it motivates the employees to work much better and to achieve his or her goals which can lead him to earn incentives. Compensation affects the employees performance positively such as it decreases the rate of absenteeism in them because they have motivation in them to achieve the target. It influences employee work attitude and behavior and provide them with a sense of satisfaction towards their job assigned. A good remuneration or reward makes an employee to produce quality and quantity work. It is also founded that there are many benefits that are not offered to the employees but if provided can lead to increase in higher productivity and happy internal clients. These benefits can be considered as social security and pension plans. References Odunlade, R. O. (2012). Managing employee compensation and benefits for job satisfaction in libraries and information centres in Nigeria.

The gracious Game of Globalization

The flat world With upcoming of the phase of Globalization 3.0 the world is losing its disparity and differences and becoming merged into a flat land. With people and individuals opening their brains and seeking for chances to enter into the aura of the gracious and magnificent world, this opportunity is really exciting and interesting. The iron rule highlighted by Friedman that whatever is going to happen, will happen, is a new truth of this era and evidently if a person is not the initiator to put forward his ideas then another person who might be sitting thousand miles away may implement it and the same idea comes back to you. So this era calls for individuals to put forward their innovations before any other person does the same. This Iron Rule is actually a golden key to open up the remaining doors of the world. But seeing the whole world under one lens is not a matter of intellect. With the world still divided into the classes of countries, these so called third world countries are not seaml essly integrated into the aura of globalization and to a surprise some areas of Africa, Asia and some other parts have their lands untouched by Globalization. So, it is not justifiable to coin the term flat for all but instead settling down onto towards flat for all. With cultural differences, uniqueness also ends up and people with diversity and dignity are clubbed under just a single umbrella term. Neither too flat, nor untouched Professor Ghemawat, in his applause winning presentation, criticized the idea of the flat world by presented some of the surprising data which made people aligned towards the his concept of thinking. Althought, the world is not purely a single flat entity but a conglomerate of various modular markets. The world is heading towards squeezing but is not so close to be termed as tiny globe. With various means of communication available, there is still not much use of it. With various opportunities to collaborate, there is not much trade out of it. The fears and inherent doubts in the mind of people are not making them to open up themselves to the world and to the shrunken world. A radical globalization would be adorned if taken up in increments and going phase by phase to actually come really close and combined. The Waves of Culture Culture spread across the globe is the symbol of global existence and worldwide uniqueness. Inspite of cultural differences across the world the waves of numerous cultures have woven the world into a single uniform thread of harmony. The top managers and entrepreneurs should be skilled and sensitive in order to sustain managerial effectiveness which crosses the borders of the countries, companies or individuals and hence the cultural borders. People crossing the border and going global face various cultural shocks or discrimination. Inspite of the globalization 3.0 ruling the world, there are differences inherent into the cross-cultural experiences. And when two cultures collaborate, there is a risk of clash and ripples rising out of the waves. Riding the waves of culture by Fons Trompenaars, deeply describes the cultural sensitivity and dimensions across the globe. Considering America as a peach culture and Germany as a coconut culture, there is huge difficulty in intersection of bo th, one sensibly everything can be conquered. Some of the recent cultural clashes in Australia which did spread like a viral was violence against Indians in Australia which was an outcome of racially motivated crime. Looking at such aspects of globalized culture, there is still an open question for debate. Are we actually and sensitively going global and seamlessly merging into a tiny world or its just a beginning of some terrifying? The coherent National culture The ideology of a single uniform national culture being applied to the whole world is actually a myth as each nation is an epitome of unity in diversity. If Australia can be grouped and classified under certain dimensions of culture namely individualism, power distance, pragmatism etc., then it is not justifiable to view every nation under the same lens defined and to classify the individual cultural backgrounds under the tag of National culture. Individuals have deep mindsets regarding personal or community cultures and hence must not be seamlessly woven into the culture of the nation which includes various small, distinct or even opposing cultures. Hence, it is quite misleading to classify the whole country on the basis of some rubrics cube dimensions of culture. The view should be to be consider the national culture as a big circle of including various small circles of community cultures. Though there can be measures for comparison among the nations based over the cultures but, a correct and practical comparison can never be undertaken as far as uniqueness of community cultures are taken into consideration. The webby culture Globalization and the rise of internet are not really related or directly proportional. Websites and online marketing content needs to be collaborated into a uniform mixture imbibing the cultural values and beliefs of the global village. The differences in the appearance, presentation, code of context, color themes, dynamics and so many other attributes lead to a wide arena of brainstorming required prior to design websites for the target nation. It is critical to have a deep insight into the cultural beliefs of most of the communities of the target country. The content is the most crucial aspect which might harm the cultural instincts and hence the designer must dwell deeper into the arena of contextual coherence. Moving Ahead After an extensive, clashing, gluing, interesting, terrifying discussions about the culture of the globalized world, it is evident that any theory or methodology to classify the national cultures or global culture are not sufficient and not at all fully correct. Hence, there is a need for collaboration and intersection to theories and to let this question of global culture be open for extensive discussions and debates.