Should Animals Be Used For Scientific Experiments

A dog is a man’s best friend, is a commonly used phrase to describe an intimate relationship between human and dog that has developed over the centuries. But is this popular phrase true? Are dogs truly a mans best friend? Some argue of course they are— they are friendly, loyal, and in most cases considered a part of the family. But there are those who will disagree—people from other parts of the world, and at different times in history. Take scientists from the nineteenth century, for example, where a man’s best friend was used in scientific experiments that led to the discovery of insulin for diabetes, and saved millions of lives (MacGill: par. 1, 2016). So, where do we draw the line from justifying the use of animals for scientific†¦show more content†¦Lastly, I will conclude by highlighting the main ideas, and will finish off with my own reflections regarding the debate. Source Methodology This section will describe sources, both academic (scholarly journals and peer review), and popular (articles, blogs) that has been used. All sources were equally important and essential to the formulation of all findings presented in this research paper. Academic Sources All sources listed in this section are all peer reviewed or are written by academic scholars, that speak to the debate on animals and scientific experiments. For my scholarly sources I examined the following publications: Firstly I used Laura Cox and V. Tamara Montrose’s empirical research, â€Å"How Do Human-Animal Emotional Relationship Influence Public Perceptions of Animal Use?† Journal of Animal Ethics. 2016. DOI:10.5406. Both authors have acquired PhD’s and a bachelor’s degree in animal sciences. According to the publisher, this particular journal is dedicated to research regarding animal ethics, and issues in the field of animal sciences, and therefore is useful to this research topic. Another academic research based journal I reviewed was, Cattaneo C. et al.,â€Å"Animal Experimentation in Forensic Science: How Far Have We Come?† Forensic Science International. 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.06.024. The authorsShow More Related Animal Testing Essay572 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal Testing Speaking Outline: Animal Testing Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience about the three major ways of how scientific experiments on animal is inhumane. Introduction I. Put yourself into an animal’s position. Imagine that you are being poked and probed by needles for the benefits of humans. II. Animals are being abuse more and more everyday in scientific experiments. III. I have pets and I’m against animal testing, so knowing that animals are used in research is appalling. IVRead MoreImportance Of Animal Testing1726 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing: Is it necessary? People take medicine, and they wear makeup. Most people own one or two or maybe more pets. Some people love their pets as if they were their own children. Pets are loved and taken care of. They are rescued and adopted. But do people know that they are treated the opposite in a laboratory? It is estimated that every year, 26 million animals are used for scientific and commercial testing in the United States. There are many reasons animals are used for testing. SomeRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1509 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is intended to express the use of animals in scientific research. Every year more than 115 million animals around the world have been used in laboratory experiments (Human Society International,2012). They include animals that are generally used in medical research such as cats, dogs, guinea pigs, mice, rats and monkeys. This experience has a major role in the progress of medicine. For example, it has been used in the development of drugs and surgical procedures and artificialRead MoreAnimal Rights : Animal Or Its Organs And Tissues Are Used1335 Words   |  6 Pagesexperimental procedures, either a whole animal or its organs and tissues are used. For this purpose animals are euthanized (killed) by established methods. Many times, the animals surviving the clinical testing are euthanized at the end of an experiment to avoid the later pain and distress (Rusche, 2003). In some cases (for example in LD 50 analysis) animals die as a result of the experiment. The pain, distress and death experienced by the animals during scientific experiments have been a debating issue forRead MoreAnimal Testing: A True Ethical Dilemma Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesis the life of a laboratory animal. Animal testing is the use of animals for scientific research purposes and experiments. It can be used for the findings of cures and medicines to testing new drugs, to understanding the behavioral psychology of the animals themselves. â€Å"Around fifty to one hundred million vertebrate animals, ranging from fish to primates, are used in experiments each year† (Lloyd). There are many different terms used to describe the research on animals but two main ideas. In vivoRead MoreAnimal Experimentation And Animal Experiments1619 Words   |  7 Pages(Cruelty to Animals in Laboratories.)† This is the horrifying reality that animals used in animal experiments have to face. Animal experimentation is the use of animals in scientific research. Animals h elp scientists learn more about diseases that occur in humans and animals. Scientists also use animals to test new treatments, medicines, surgical techniques, and more. Different animals can be used for these experiments and the experiments can sometimes lead to medical and scientific breakthroughsRead MoreEssay on Animal Testing in the Research Field1416 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal research, or animal testing, is the use of animals in scientific researches to study and develop drugs for the life-taking diseases that human beings contract. It has been practiced for hundreds of years. Animal testing helps produced many vaccines and other drugs, like penicillin, and thus, save many human lives. On the other hand, animal testing also causes pain and kills a lot of animals used during the researches that many people oppose this practice. Supporters show their support, whileRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology And Scientific Advancements On Society1036 Words   |  5 PagesHow does t echnology and scientific discoveries affect our society? Should all scientific advancements be moral and benefit our lives? In â€Å"The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks†, Rebecca Skloot talks about the importance of HeLa cells in the scientific world and the woman behind them.â€Å"De-Extinction: The Science and Ethics of Bringing Lost Species Back to Life† discusses the pros and cons of bringing back extinct animals are debated. Robert Louis Stevenson writes about the fight between good and evilRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1015 Words   |  5 PagesAnimals have impacted human history in many ways. They are a food source, pets, and used in scientific research. Animal s used in medical and scientific research help find cures to human disease, injury, and deficiencies. Many animals have a similar genetic makeup with humans. About half of the animal s tested on live longer and healthier lives compared to the common house pet. Also many animals are protected b y different organizations, and also a federal law. Since our genes closely resemble eachRead MoreEssay on Animal Research Bill655 Words   |  3 Pages Animal Testing Bill Section One: This bill will set rules to any make-up company creating cosmetic products for humans. Companies who create the make-up must have the product tested on animals before testing on humans. Section Two: Congress hereby finds and declares that cosmetics has been flawed because of it’s lack of sufficient research. In order to fulfill an efficient research (synonym), cosmetic companies should undergo animal testing. Products created by the company should first

Business Culture in Italy Free Essays

Doing business abroad introduces international business people to differences in approaches to business, business etiquette and protocol. Although these may not be crucial to business proceedings they should not be dismissed as unnecessary. Cross cultural awareness can enhance the potential of the international business person’s trip considerably. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Culture in Italy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Let us look at a brief example: There are two business people each planning on doing business in Italy. Both have similar proposals. One ignores the possible impact of culture and concentrates their efforts on the business proposal. The other also invests time and energy in the proposal but in addition realises that doing business in Italy is a lot different to doing business in the UK or USA. They look into the business etiquette of Italy, the way in which meetings are conducted and negotiation styles. Nine times out of ten the latter of the two will have the advantage. They will be able to tailor their proposal and demeanour to gel better with the Italian way. In addition, they would endear themselves to the Italian hosts. This guide to doing business in Italy is designed as a brief introduction to areas business people should take into consideration before travelling to Italy. Doing Business – Etiquette Good manners and courtesy are prized qualities in Italy. When doing business in Italy ensure your conduct is always polished. There are etiquettes and protocols for many social and business situations, however, it is important to remember that Italians rate considerateness above behavioural formulas. When meeting and departing always shake hands. This is valid for both individuals and groups. After doing business in Italy for a period of time and building relationships do not be surprised if you are embraced when being met. This indicates the relationship has reached an intimate level. When doing business in Italy you will notice that little personal space is left between people when interacting. In addition, Italians are a tactile people. Moving away or keeping your distance may be interpreted as cold and unfriendly. If you are familiar with Italian, use the polite ‘lei’ form until a relationship is established, then use the more informal ‘tu’ form. When doing business in Italy, address people using ‘Signor’ (m) or ‘Signora’ (f) followed by their surname. ‘Dottore’ (m) or ‘Dottoressa’ (f) is used for those who have graduated. When doing business in Italy, dress to impress. It is no coincidence that Versace, Gucci, Prada and Dolce Gabbana are all Italian fashion houses. Italians like to make an impression with their clothes. What you wear speaks volumes about the kind of person you are. Doing Business – Punctuality Italians are usually relaxed around issues relating to time. Being late with a good reason will not have any negative consequences. However, deliberate lateness is considered sloppy and taking people’s time for granted is simply rude. When doing business in Italy err on the side of caution and aim to be punctual. Doing Business – Business Entertaining Hospitality plays a key role in Italian business culture. Invitations to lunch and dinner are to be expected when doing business there. At such occasions a small exclusive group will usually be present. Each attendee will have a particular interest in your visit. If you plan to host a meal, ask the most senior Italian contact who you should invite. Dining does have certain protocol in Italy. However, do not place too much emphasis on this as more time would be spent worrying about etiquette mistakes than enjoying the experience. Major etiquette tips are that the most honoured guest sits at the middle of the table or on the right of the host; the host always pays; pass dishes to the left; keep your knife in the right hand and fork in the left and do not answer phone calls at the table. Doing Business – Meeting and Negotiations Italians prefer to do business with someone they know. When doing business in Italy, use contacts and networks to introduce you before proceeding to set up meetings. To arrange a meeting write, in Italian, first. Follow this up with a phone call, fax or e-mail. The best time for meetings is between 10 – 11 a. m. and after 3 p. m. Avoid August as most businesses will run on skeleton staff due to holidays. Negotiations can be slow. Demonstrating a sense of urgency is seen as a sign of weakness. At the beginning of a meeting avoid business and concentrate on some small talk. Topics of discussion could include Italian culture, food, wine and football (soccer). Italians will take away proposals and analyse them carefully. Be sure to offer as much information as possible in written form for them to take away. A known Italian tactic is to dramatically change demands at the eleventh hour to unsettle or test the flexibility of their counterparts. Remain firm. Location: Southern Europe, bordering Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See (Vatican City) 3. 2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 232 km, Switzerland 740 km Capital: Rome Climate: predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south Population: 58,057,477 (July 2004 est. ) Ethnic Make-up: Italian (includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north and Albanian-Italians and Greek-Italians in the south) Religions: predominately Roman Catholic with mature Protestant and Jewish communities and a growing Muslim immigrant community Government: republic The Italian Language Italian is the official language of Italy, and 93% of population are native Italian speakers. Around 50% of population speak a regional dialect as mother tongue. Many dialects are mutually unintelligible and thus considered by linguists as separate languages, but are not officially recognised. Friulian, one of these dialects, is spoken by 600,000 people in the north east of Italy, which is 1% of the entire population. Other northern minority languages include Ladin, Slovene, German, which enjoys equal recognition with Italian in the province of Alto-Adige, and French, which is legally recognised in the Alpine region of the Val d’Aosta. Albanian is spoken by 0. 2% of the population, mainly in the southern part of Italy, as too are Croatian and Greek. Catalan is spoken in one city, Alghero, on the island of Sardinia, by around 0. 07% of the population. On the rest of the island, Sardinian is spoken by over 1m, which comes to 1. 7% of the Italian population. How to cite Business Culture in Italy, Essay examples

Influence of Compensation Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Influence of Compensation and Benefits. Answer: The selected article is managing employee compensation and benefits for job satisfaction in libraries and information centres in Nigeria (Odunlade, 2012). The main question of the article is to identify the various benefits that are provided to the employees working in a library. Along with to ascertain that is there any other forms of compensation that academic librarians will need excluding the salary. The article also focuses to identify the other types of benefits that are being enjoyed by the counterparts of the organization but is not provided to the other staffs present in the organization. Throughout the article reading it will also throw light in the relationship between compensation, benefits and job satisfaction of the academic librarians. The intended audiences that the author is trying address by writing the article are the employees of the organization and mainly the supportive and non supportive staff of any of the university. The main focus is given on the librarian staffs that are eligible for the benefits and the compensation which are most of the time enjoyed by the counter staffs of the organization. He also wanted to reveal that there is a close relation between the benefits and compensation which together affect the satisfaction level of any employee. In the article it is mainly stated that compensation plays an important role to satisfy the employees or in other words to compensation can affect employee behavior. However it is invalid that not every time this factor is an essential because many a times the social environment, employee- executive relationship and the working condition also plays an important role to motivate the employees. In some cases, in spite of a good compensation but a lack of employee manager relationship can leave a negative impact over the employee and dissatisfy them. Yes, I agree with what the author of the article had ascertained and gave explanation that compensation contributes a crucial role in the retention and the employment of the librarians and further of a good salary and benefit to the academic librarians there is a still need of improvement in the system organizational compensation. There is a need to reframe the compensation policy by the library human resource specialist. There are many universities where there is need of a strict policy making because many of the staffs are denied by the benefits that are taken up by the counterparts. In any university the academic library is the supportive unit. I believe that an employees behavior can be affected by his or her compensation because it motivates the employees to work much better and to achieve his or her goals which can lead him to earn incentives. Compensation affects the employees performance positively such as it decreases the rate of absenteeism in them because they have motivation in them to achieve the target. It influences employee work attitude and behavior and provide them with a sense of satisfaction towards their job assigned. A good remuneration or reward makes an employee to produce quality and quantity work. It is also founded that there are many benefits that are not offered to the employees but if provided can lead to increase in higher productivity and happy internal clients. These benefits can be considered as social security and pension plans. References Odunlade, R. O. (2012). Managing employee compensation and benefits for job satisfaction in libraries and information centres in Nigeria.

The gracious Game of Globalization

The flat world With upcoming of the phase of Globalization 3.0 the world is losing its disparity and differences and becoming merged into a flat land. With people and individuals opening their brains and seeking for chances to enter into the aura of the gracious and magnificent world, this opportunity is really exciting and interesting. The iron rule highlighted by Friedman that whatever is going to happen, will happen, is a new truth of this era and evidently if a person is not the initiator to put forward his ideas then another person who might be sitting thousand miles away may implement it and the same idea comes back to you. So this era calls for individuals to put forward their innovations before any other person does the same. This Iron Rule is actually a golden key to open up the remaining doors of the world. But seeing the whole world under one lens is not a matter of intellect. With the world still divided into the classes of countries, these so called third world countries are not seaml essly integrated into the aura of globalization and to a surprise some areas of Africa, Asia and some other parts have their lands untouched by Globalization. So, it is not justifiable to coin the term flat for all but instead settling down onto towards flat for all. With cultural differences, uniqueness also ends up and people with diversity and dignity are clubbed under just a single umbrella term. Neither too flat, nor untouched Professor Ghemawat, in his applause winning presentation, criticized the idea of the flat world by presented some of the surprising data which made people aligned towards the his concept of thinking. Althought, the world is not purely a single flat entity but a conglomerate of various modular markets. The world is heading towards squeezing but is not so close to be termed as tiny globe. With various means of communication available, there is still not much use of it. With various opportunities to collaborate, there is not much trade out of it. The fears and inherent doubts in the mind of people are not making them to open up themselves to the world and to the shrunken world. A radical globalization would be adorned if taken up in increments and going phase by phase to actually come really close and combined. The Waves of Culture Culture spread across the globe is the symbol of global existence and worldwide uniqueness. Inspite of cultural differences across the world the waves of numerous cultures have woven the world into a single uniform thread of harmony. The top managers and entrepreneurs should be skilled and sensitive in order to sustain managerial effectiveness which crosses the borders of the countries, companies or individuals and hence the cultural borders. People crossing the border and going global face various cultural shocks or discrimination. Inspite of the globalization 3.0 ruling the world, there are differences inherent into the cross-cultural experiences. And when two cultures collaborate, there is a risk of clash and ripples rising out of the waves. Riding the waves of culture by Fons Trompenaars, deeply describes the cultural sensitivity and dimensions across the globe. Considering America as a peach culture and Germany as a coconut culture, there is huge difficulty in intersection of bo th, one sensibly everything can be conquered. Some of the recent cultural clashes in Australia which did spread like a viral was violence against Indians in Australia which was an outcome of racially motivated crime. Looking at such aspects of globalized culture, there is still an open question for debate. Are we actually and sensitively going global and seamlessly merging into a tiny world or its just a beginning of some terrifying? The coherent National culture The ideology of a single uniform national culture being applied to the whole world is actually a myth as each nation is an epitome of unity in diversity. If Australia can be grouped and classified under certain dimensions of culture namely individualism, power distance, pragmatism etc., then it is not justifiable to view every nation under the same lens defined and to classify the individual cultural backgrounds under the tag of National culture. Individuals have deep mindsets regarding personal or community cultures and hence must not be seamlessly woven into the culture of the nation which includes various small, distinct or even opposing cultures. Hence, it is quite misleading to classify the whole country on the basis of some rubrics cube dimensions of culture. The view should be to be consider the national culture as a big circle of including various small circles of community cultures. Though there can be measures for comparison among the nations based over the cultures but, a correct and practical comparison can never be undertaken as far as uniqueness of community cultures are taken into consideration. The webby culture Globalization and the rise of internet are not really related or directly proportional. Websites and online marketing content needs to be collaborated into a uniform mixture imbibing the cultural values and beliefs of the global village. The differences in the appearance, presentation, code of context, color themes, dynamics and so many other attributes lead to a wide arena of brainstorming required prior to design websites for the target nation. It is critical to have a deep insight into the cultural beliefs of most of the communities of the target country. The content is the most crucial aspect which might harm the cultural instincts and hence the designer must dwell deeper into the arena of contextual coherence. Moving Ahead After an extensive, clashing, gluing, interesting, terrifying discussions about the culture of the globalized world, it is evident that any theory or methodology to classify the national cultures or global culture are not sufficient and not at all fully correct. Hence, there is a need for collaboration and intersection to theories and to let this question of global culture be open for extensive discussions and debates.

Sample Essay For Tess and the DUrbours

Sample Essay For Tess and the D'UrboursHere is a sample essay for Tess and the D'Urbours, I hope you enjoy it. As always the main point of any essay is to express an opinion or view. It should be quite brief, this makes it easy for anyone to work with and gives them a chance to copy/paste a few sentences.'Dear Madame: My dear Mrs D'Urbour: My sweet Polly (Nanny) and I are approaching our seventieth wedding anniversary this year, and I am writing to ask your advice on a specific issue that has come up between us recently. It concerns the issues that often arise during a marriage, and it would be a good idea for us to discuss it today. We have been married for twenty years and I feel it is time for us to think about having children. My wife wants us to start a family. My wife wants the D'Urbours to help look after the children, but I believe we should be able to do this on our own, as the children have grown up with both of us. Please help us as much as you can.'This essay would be sui table for a sample essay for Tess and the D'Urbours. It is probably best suited for use with an oral reenactment because it is not very long. However, it is definitely well suited for use in a full-length book (and for a children's book as well). It is based on a similar essay published by Ian Waterman for the day-book, Laughingstock. Ian felt that it would be a good example of the style of an essay for kids.James Smith describes himself as 'a writer who has dealt with humor for over a decade and knows how to write convincingly for children.' He has written essays on subjects ranging from a time-warping story to racecar driving. His focus is to create entertaining children's books, and he goes to great lengths to find innovative ways to teach basic concepts.James Smith began his career at a small New York school where he was the student book editor. He used his book editing skills to publish two children's books under the title The Alphabet for Children. James' first book was a coll ection of stories called The D'Urbours and their friends.While James Smith may not be an original style essayist, he is an intelligent one. The Tess and the D'Urbours collection contain more than 50 essays. They range from life lessons to advice on social issues. James does not shy away from using simple and direct language, and his essays for kids are very fast paced.Tess and the D'Urbours are not my favorite children's book, but it is certainly a fine example of a style essay for kids. It contains both short essays and full-length books, so that parents will have some choice of what they would like to read for their children.

Chinese Economic Reform Essays - Chinese Communists,

Chinese Economic Reform Two years after the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, it became apparent to many of China's leaders that economic reform was necessary. During his tenure as China's premier, Mao had encouraged social movements such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution which had had as their bases ideologies such as serving the people and maintaining the class struggle. By 1978 "Chinese leaders were searching for a solution to serious economic problems produced by Hua Guofeng, the man who had succeeded Mao Zedong as CCP leader after Mao's death" (Shirk 35). Hua had demonstrated a desire to continue the ideologically based movements of Mao. Unfortunately, these movements had left China in a state where "agriculture was stagnant, industrial production was low, and the people's living standards had not increased in twenty years" (Nathan 200). This last area was particularly troubling. While "the gross output value of industry and agriculture increased by 810 percent and national income grew by 420 percent [between 1952 and 1980] ... average individual income increased by only 100 percent" (Ma Hong quoted in Shirk 28). However, attempts at economic reform in China were introduced not only due to some kind of generosity on the part of the Chinese Communist Party to increase the populace's living standards. It had become clear to members of the CCP that economic reform would fulfill a political purpose as well since the party felt, properly it would seem, that it had suffered a loss of support. As Susan L. Shirk describes the situation in The Political Logic of Economic Reform in China, restoring the CCP's prestige required improving economic performance and raising living standards. The traumatic experience of the Cultural Revolution had eroded popular trust in the moral and political virtue of the CCP. The party's leaders decided to shift the base of party legitimacy from virtue to competence, and to do that they had to demonstrate that they could deliver the goods. (23) This movement "from virtue to competence" seemed to mark a serious departure from orthodox Chinese political theory. Confucius himself had posited in the fifth century BCE that those individuals who best demonstrated what he referred to as moral force should lead the nation. Using this principle as a guide, China had for centuries attempted to choose at least its bureaucratic leaders by administering a test to determine their moral force. After the Communist takeover of the country, Mao continued this emphasis on moral force by demanding that Chinese citizens demonstrate what he referred to as "correct consciousness." This correct consciousness could be exhibited, Mao believed, by the way people lived. Needless to say, that which constituted correct consciousness was often determined and assessed by Mao. Nevertheless, the ideal of moral force was still a potent one in China even after the Communist takeover. It is noteworthy that Shirk feels that the Chinese Communist Party leaders saw economic reform as a way to regain their and their party's moral virtue even after Mao's death. Thus, paradoxically, by demonstrating their expertise in a more practical area of competence, the leaders of the CCP felt they could demonstrate how they were serving the people. To be sure, the move toward economic reform came about as a result of a "changed domestic and international environment, which altered the leadership's perception of the factors that affect China's national security and social stability" (Xu 247). But Shirk feels that, in those pre-Tienenmen days, such a move came about also as a result of an attempt by CCP leaders to demonstrate, in a more practical and thus less obviously ideological manner than Mao had done, their moral force. This is not to say that the idea of economic reform was embraced enthusiastically by all members of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party in 1978. To a great extent, the issue of economic reform became politicized as the issue was used as a means by Deng Xiaoping to attain the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. Mao's successor, Hua Guofeng, had "tried to prove himself a worthy successor to Mao by draping himself in the mantle of Maoist tradition. His approach to economic development was orthodox Maoism with an up-to-date, international

Loves Parallel Universe

Loves Parallel Universe Free Online Research Papers Love’s Parallel Universe: a study of Szymborska’s The Onion and Neruda’s Leaning into the Afternoons Love has many paradoxical dimensions. It is simple yet complex, glorified yet vilified, powerful yet weak, constructive yet disastrous. Each one of us has experienced love in some way or the other and has attained our own slant on it. Pablo Neruda and Wislawa Szymborska have expressed some of its dimensions in their love poems. To look at this in depth, I will compare and contrast two poems; Leaning into the Afternoons by Pablo Neruda and The Onion by Wislawa Szymborska. The poem, Leaning into the Afternoon, is a spontaneous outpouring of Neruda’s melancholic emotions at being separated from his beloved whom he describes through magnificent oceanic and natural imagery. His unbearable sense of loss is reflected in phrases such as, â€Å"absent eyes† and â€Å"distant female† that clearly indicate to the readers that his love is lost in the ocean of time. On the other hand, The Onion is a description of love through an extended metaphor of an onion. Szymborska relates a mundane and malodorous vegetable to something as gloriously fragrant as love. Unlike Neruda’s, this poem is hardly private passion of the poet but is more of a panoramic view of love. Although on a quick appraisal the two poems appear to be poles apart yet on deeper analysis one realises that whatever she believes about love seems to have been lived by Neruda. One could even say that Szymborska’s poem is a theoretical description while Neruda’s is the practical application of certain bitter aspects of love. In fact the meeting ground of the two poems is that love has been portrayed as selfish. Just as the onion doesn’t care whether the humans’ lachrymal glands are stimulated while cutting it, love doesn’t care either of whom it hurts. Lovers are encapsulated in their own bubble universe and seem to float in their own ideal but selfish world. A similar thread runs through another one of Wislawa Szymborska’s works, True Love. She feels that love consumes the lives of the lovers making them shun the people and the world milling around them. Neruda has similar views on the issue. In other poems like The Morning is Full or So That you’ll Hear Me he depicts love that overwhelms and overpowers senses. In Leaning into the afternoon his love spiralled out of his control and he, like a desperate, drowning man, flounders for love. He says, â€Å"my solitude its arms turning like a drowning man’s.† And later complains that the â€Å"night gallops†. The reader gets the feeling that either the love is surging in a turbulent torrent or is like an uncontrollable and defiant runaway horse. This all-consuming and uncaring love is almost comparable to a wrathful Pagan God whose absolute power and frequent wrath lashes his loyal followers. He is not dependent on others and most importantly, he follows his own authority without any remorse or regret. The onion, too, is â€Å"oniony on the inside onionesque it appears it follows its own daimonion without our human tears†. Love cannot be explained by scientific dimensions and philosophical theories. It has no substance and yet it is full of its own importance. It defies all rationale quite like the onion. â€Å"The onion, now thats something else its innards dont exist nothing but pure onionhood† If an onion is peeled it doesn’t lose its worth for there is another onion inside. It still has its ‘onionesque’- its still layered, coloured, pungent, and still an onion. Inside it, there’s a smaller one of undiminished worth.† Love also exists in layers, each layer complete in itself and if shared only multiplies. After we finish peeling the onion the smell lingers on the hands- pungent and persistent. Similarly even if the lover is shunned, love lingers. â€Å"your absent eyes that move like the sea† Neruda’s love loses neither its volume nor its depth despite her absence. It is whole and it is what it is. There are strings attached and yet if they snap and lovers suffer, love the almighty emotion, albeit in a different heart. Onions are the same. They have no real core. If you peel them, they are the same thing again. The layers are the onion and the onion is the layers. Szymborska likens the onion to a volcano- hollow yet potent. â€Å"an internal inferno the anathema of anatomy in an onion theres only onion from its top to its toe† Neruda has felt the same about love â€Å"There in the highest blaze my solitude lengthens and flames,† One could also look at his repetitiveness from a different angle. There is a repetitive sullenness to Nerudas love. Unlike Szymborska’s tongue in cheek and indirect appraisal, he is stuck in his private and gloomy cocoon. His repetitive attempts to harness an elusive love can be seen in â€Å"Leaning into the afternoons I cast my sad nets towards your oceanic eyes.† And again in â€Å"Leaning into the afternoons I fling my sad nets to that sea that beats on your marine eyes.† The reason for this lies in the last line. For Neruda the nature and life itself is connected to beloved. He cannot be the disinterested observer like Szymborska and cannot condone her view that the pain of love is part of the deal and might just be the beauty of it as an onion is just not an onion without causing the tears. From their divergent standpoints emerges a contrast in the writing style of both the poets. Wislawa Szymborska has very unique style of coining words. To give the poem a rhythmic texture, she uses her â€Å"neologistic† skills to reframe words such as anonymous into â€Å"onionymous†. These coined words are in cadence with the theme of poem; relating an onion to love. The repetitive use of vowels in combination with the letter ‘n’ also adds melody and rhythm besides being a kind of an echo of ‘onion’. â€Å"nothing but pure onionhood fills this devout onionist oniony on the inside onionesque it appears it follows its own daimonion onionymous monomania unanimous omninudity† On the contrary, with the exception of the last two couplets of Neruda’s poem, the language used is prosaic and ordinary. The marine metaphor is also an over-exploited one in Neruda. The ‘lighthouse’ and ‘signals’ and ‘net’ are not just uninspiring but have been read in other love songs of his. The beauty however emerges when he creates a relation of time with his solitude. During the â€Å"highest blaze† the afternoon sun, his loneliness and his pain is also at its apex. But as night approaches in the last few lines, the anguish is reflected through serene images. Although he continues to express his pain by using distressing words such as â€Å"shadowy† and â€Å"blue tassels† the hot blaze turns into star light and shadows. His love moves from body to soul â€Å"The birds of night peck at the first stars that flash like my soul when I love you. The night gallops in its shadowy mare shedding blue tassels over land† Furthermore, Szymborska’s poem flows on as it is not limited by the brevity of being a sonnet like Neruda’s is. She has used short stanzas each of which explain a unique similarity between an onion and love. She also has a tendency to explain in detail of what she wants to convey whereas with Neruda the reader has to guess the context. For example, in the third stanza she explains that the onion is made of layers and layers of itself and contains nothing more. And when peeled or cut, its worth is not mitigated. In doing so she uses redundant phrases such as â€Å"the second holds the third one and the third contains a fourth†. There is a tendency to drive home a point. But, this is what differentiates her from Neruda. She doesn’t want to leave it open for interpretation and wants the readers to think and understand the poem the way she does. This is very unlike Neruda. He just merely hints and lets the readers’ minds interpret and lets them play wit h the perspectives of the ideas. Interestingly Neruda too has written a poem titled â€Å"Ode to an Onion† where the beauty of the onion is described lyrically and even compared to Aphrodite’s and yet Neruda does not sublimate it as does Szymborska. The latter has immortalized onion by relating it to love but for Neruda the destiny of the onion is limited to be â€Å"Upon the table of the poor†. Neruda does not give it the potency of love or volcano; in fact he seems to be thanking onion saying that â€Å"You make us cry without hurting us.† For Neruda only love has the power to hurt and that is because it is out of the control of mere mortals and follows its own authority. Both poems are beautifully written and present, and depict the authors’ views on love. They are distinctive in that Neruda expresses painful yet more commonly experienced aspects of love, while Szymborska talks about the pain of love in her own inimitable style wherein nothing is held sacred- not even love. But she does make us realise that try as we might we have no authority over the volcanic power of love. Neruda, who seems to have been there and done it, upholds what she seems to be theorizing about. We no longer wonder whether love follows its daimonion or not. If the two poets are to be believed the answer is â€Å"yes it does†. 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